The Bull Terrier (Miniature) is a breed with origins in the
extinct English White Terrier, the Dalmatian and the Bulldog. The first
existence is documented 1872 in The Dogs of British Island.
History
When the Standard breed was first created in 19th century
England, it was about the same size as Miniature Bull Terriers. Miniature Bull
Terriers were granted membership in the American Kennel Club (AKC) on May 14,
1991 (effective January 1, 1992).
Appearance
Miniature Bull Terriers have short, fine, and glossy coats
that are very close to the skin, like the Bull Terriers. They are accepted in
the ring to be white, white with another colour, or fully coloured. However,
like the Standards, any blue or liver coloured coats are undesirable. These
dogs require minimal grooming.
In the early 1900s, the difference between the breeds was
determined by the dog's weight. However, this led to Miniature Bull Terriers
becoming so small and fine that they looked more like a Chihuahua than a Bull
Terrier. So, in the 1970s, the weight limit was replaced with a height limit of
under fourteen inches. They are usually no smaller than ten inches. According
to the AKC, miniature bull terriers' weight must be proportionate to its height.
However, they tend to range anywhere from 20–35 lbs.
The Miniature Bull Terriers have a very bold build. They
have very muscular shoulders and a full body. Like the Bull Terrier, they have
a head described as "egg-shaped." It is flat on top with a Roman
nose. The eyes are triangular and closely set. The ears are carried erect and
are not cropped or otherwise altered. The tail is carried horizontally rather
than vertically.
Temperament
Like the Bull Terriers, Minis are loving and, like many terrier
breeds, they can be stubborn at times; but despite this they make great dogs
for people with limited space.
Miniature Bull Terriers are known to be stubborn and
courageous. They do not seem to realize their size, however, because even if
confronting an enormous dog they will not back down. However, with the right
training, confrontations can be avoided. They are very energetic and playful.
They love people but care must be taken as they are variable around other dogs.
Care
As mentioned before, Miniature Bull Terriers require little
grooming. A quick brushing once a day or a few times a week is sufficient to
keep the fur in order, as it cannot become tangled due to its length. Sunscreen
must be used on any sparse white sections of fur around the face, ears,
hindquarters or stomach when outdoors (especially in the summer between the
hours of 10am and 2pm) to avoid sunburn and cancer.
Training
Miniatures are independent and stubborn and do require a lot
of training, particularly early on. They must be heavily socialized at a young
age and trained to obey early in their lives. They also are very energetic and
seem to be able to play endlessly as puppies. However, as they grow older, they
become less energetic. They must be carefully exercised and dieted to avoid
obesity.
Health
Miniature Bull Terriers are generally quite healthy, but
there are hearing, eye, skin, kidney, heart and knee problems in some dogs.
Deafness occurs in both coloured and white Bull Terrier (Miniature). Puppies
can be born unilaterally deaf (deaf in one ear) or bilaterally (deaf in both
ears.) Deaf dogs should not be bred due to deafness being hereditary. BEAP (or
BAER) testing is done on puppies prior to sale to discover which puppies have
hearing problems.
Bull Terrier (Miniature) are also susceptible to having
luxating patellas. This is a knee problem common in small dogs. It can be
treated by surgery.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and Bull Terrier hereditary
nephritis (BTHN) are autosomal dominant diseases. PKD is diagnosed by
Ultrasonic scan by a specialist veterinarian. BTHN is diagnosed by a UPC test.
Dogs with a score of .3 or below are considered clear of the disease. Clearing
breeding stock prior to use ensures that progeny are not affected with the disease.
Miniature Bull Terriers are also susceptible to eye problems
such as primary lens luxation. PLL is a late onset disease which typically
affects dogs between the ages of 3 and 7. Younger and older cases are known.
During September 2009 a definitive DNA test was released by the Animal Health
Trust. This test gives three results: Clear, Carrier, or Affected.
Aortic valve stenosis and mitral valve dysplasia are heart
diseases. Diagnosis is made by colour Doppler echocardiography scanning by a
specialist veterinarian.
The skin of a Miniature can be a problem. Pyotraumatic
dermatitis (hot spots), allergic reactions, and hives can be problematic. UK
and US breed surveys shows an average lifespan of 10-14 years.
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